James M. Redwine

United States

The End of Days

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What makes life worth living? The ability to choose. If humans cannot choose what they do, then we are as livestock. When Americans travel to some foreign countries we are often perplexed by the reluctance of many of their citizens to voice their true opinions or openly protest the actions of their governments. One of the greatest values of foreign travel is the appreciation Americans discover of our freedom in America to say what we truly believe without fear.

So, when violence is perpetrated against Americans in America for speaking their minds, it jars our collective psyches. We may not agree with a speaker’s politics, religion, philosophy or choice of sports teams, but our First Amendment gives others the right to their expressions as well as our right to air our opposition. Our 249 years of free speech is why we will likely make it to our 250th birthday.

Our nation has often had to struggle to cling to this most important of democracy’s fundamental rights. We have survived a Civil War, McCarthyism, civil rights battles over gender, age, voting, foreign entanglements and countless other tears in the fabric of our rights to choose and freely express our true opinions.

It may seem the current atmosphere of attempts to silence unwanted different positions is unique. That is not correct. Our fledgling country survived a deadly duel between Alexander Hamilton, the Secretary of the Treasury, and sitting Vice-President, Aaron Burr, on July 11, 1804.

America has a long and varied history of violence against people for their political views. We have struggled through presidents Abraham Lincoln, James Garfield, William McKinley and John Kennedy being assassinated. Presidential candidate Robert Kennedy was killed while campaigning and several other presidents and candidates have had assassination attempts made against their lives: George Wallace, Theodore Roosevelt and Donald Trump to name but three.

There have been numerous assassination attempts made against other sitting presidents: Gerald Ford, Ronald Reagan, and both George H.W. Bush and George W. Bush. It is apparent that public service can be dangerous. Also, numerous plots against other American politicians have been both foiled and carried out. Being a public figure in America, especially one with strong views on emotional subjects, seems to bring out the worst in some people who wish to silence free expression.

Of course, in our contemporary society, our national media and others do not hesitate to assert that the most recent violence against someone else’s right to choose is the death knell of our democracy. These pronouncements are often coupled with diatribes against whatever political position is represented as in opposition to the attacked speaker’s political philosophy.

We do and should mourn and regret any violence against a public figure, such as Charlie Kirk, who may have been attacked simply because of his or her strong views, whatever they are. However, to predict our country’s demise based on attempts to quell freedom of expression is not supported by our long history of political violence. Draconian responses to horrific incidents of violence may be themselves quite damaging to our right to choose and, per force, to our democracy.

Pro Bono Publico

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For the public good. We rarely take note of how much many people do for free. We just accept, and even expect, such civic minded persons as clergy people, medical personnel, fire and rescue workers and numerous other generous citizens to furnish our society with essential services. Who supports the schools, the religious institutions, civic organizations and countless, often nameless, beneficial causes? We know innumerable important services must get rendered but they are often given without fanfare and without recognition. What we do know is our lives are made better by a whole lot of people who owe us nothing and receive just that.

One of the most thankless public service groups is attorneys who take on unpopular people or causes. John Adams set the bar for putting right above his and his family’s personal interest in 1770 when, as a prominent lawyer and leader of the Colonials’ cause against England, he represented the British soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre. A crowd of Colonial protesters was fired upon resulting in five Americans being killed and six more wounded, the most famous of whom was Black citizen, Crispus Attucks, who is often referred to as the first martyr of the American Revolution. Of the eight British soldiers involved, six were found not guilty and two were convicted by a jury of manslaughter, not the original charge of murder.

Both John Adams, who became our second president, and his wife Abigail understood the Colonial public would revile Adams for representing the British. In fact, Adams claimed he lost half of his law practice due to his courageous actions. But it was a matter of doing the right thing and establishing that a fair trial was more important than succumbing to a mob mentality.

As Attorney Atticus Finch stood for in Harper Lee’s novel, To Kill A Mockingbird, when he defended poor Black Tom Robinson, justice was more vital to our American democracy than an attorney’s comfort and popularity. When the power of the government comes down on the defenseless, attorneys are often called upon to forego ease and incur the slings and arrows of what might otherwise be governmental power and public opinion run amok. They become the thin, and often disliked, line between tyranny and due process.

I often reflect on what my brother told me was the main reason I should follow his service and enter the legal profession, “You can do more good for more people in law than anything else”. While these lessons of courage, self-sacrifice and altruism may seem unnecessary after so many instances of the harm done by the ravages wrought by the swollen tide of misguided public clamor, our legal profession today may need a reminder. In our current culture of universities, corporations, municipalities and vapid national media bowing to governmental threats and malicious actions, we need our lawyers to once again put duty before fear and courage before capitulation.

In a July 31, 2025 article published by Reuters, the alarm bell has been rung. In their Special Report: How Trump’s crackdown on law firms is undermining legal defenses for the vulnerable, authors Mike Spector, Brad Heath, Kristina Cooke, Joseph Tanfani and David Thomas point to some of America’s most elite law firms as abandoning their core principles under financial pressure from the Trump Administration.

As for me, I do not spend much time assigning blame to those who threaten and coerce. I do not expect altruistic or ethical behavior from them. I do call upon the attorneys to remain true to what lawyers from Adams to today have stood for, an America where when a person has nowhere else to go, an attorney will seek the right regardless of the cost to that attorney or his law firm. Such selfless actions may not be seen as heroic by a public that may generally agree with governmental power being abused against those who are unpopular. Attorneys should not take up legal arms seeking accolades. Their oaths call for them to choose the harder right simply because it is right. Duty often calls for sacrifice and often the old adage, “No good deed goes unpunished”, is the result.

However, if one’s only motivation to eschew the easier wrong is public acceptance, such attorneys might as well resign themselves to lives of comfort and self-contempt. Right for right’s sake in the face of corruption for corruption’s sake is the core principle of America’s legal conscience. The events of our time are once again calling for lawyers to remember why they became lawyers.

The Best Celebration

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The Church at 9th and Prudom with side balconies. Picture taken by Peg Redwine

The Fourth of July has slowly gained prominence in my pantheon of special commemorations. Once all seasons paled next to Christmas with the memories of the autumnal aromas of oyster dressing and pumpkin pie fading away to electric trains and baseball mitts. Easter was okay because school would soon be out and girls in pink dresses with blue satin sashes would dash about exposing their laughter and crinoline. But the Fourth of July brought ice cold pop, firecrackers and roman candle battles. However, as a commemoration it seemed to mean a great deal to my elders, but for me it just presaged a return to a regimen of school that broke into my summer freedom.

I am not sure when the trappings of the Fourth began the metamorphosis into my imperceptible awareness that America and I had already struggled through numerous radical stages and, alarmingly and expectantly, might face many more as a man and a country. I think the true reasons the Fourth deserves its place at the head of commemorations began to seep into my consciousness the first time my large and gentle father took me with him to collect a Metropolitan Life Insurance Company policy monthly premium from a Colored family who lived across Bird Creek in a two-room clapboard house with a front porch held up by blackjack oak saplings.

We drove across the Bird Creek bridge in our family’s 1954 Ford sedan. On the way we stopped at Henry’s Bar-B-Q to buy what Dad called heaven’s own ribs. Dad was called “Mister Metropolitan” by Henry and Dad made sure I called the old Colored man “Mister” too. The two sections of two ribs and two Grapette pops cost about a dollar. Dad had bad heart trouble and Mom would not let him eat those beloved fatback pork ribs unless he sneaked over to Henry’s. They were worth any old heart attack as far as Dad was concerned.

After we savored that hickory smoked ambrosia, we drove about another quarter mile up the dirt road of Colored town to Dad’s customer’s house. He told me to stay in the car but I was already out and on the porch before he got the words out. A skinny Colored woman wearing a yellow flour-bag gingham dress and a denim wash rag as an apron opened the screen door and said, “Lord’a mercy, Mr. Metropolitan, is it premium time again already?” Her eyes were downcast.

Dad said, “Son, run back to the car and get my debit book. I must have made a mistake”. I hustled to the front seat to get Dad’s account book and returned just in time to see him taking his hand from his hip pocket.

Then he gently said, “Alright, boy, we better get back before your mother figures out where we went”. We left and I realized somehow the premium had been paid. I think that was my earliest understanding of what possibilities America afforded. Our family was about like all white families in our little town yet Mom and Dad knew from their own Great Depression Days that in America there is always hope if we all help one another. I like to think that that Black family paid forward some of the money that came from that life insurance policy to help someone else.

It took several more years of living with a slowly changing society of segregated schools, restaurants and churches, but I finally learned what the Fourth of July truly meant in 1964 when I returned from where I was stationed in the United States Air Force to attend Dad’s funeral. Our church had a large sanctuary surrounded on three sides with a balcony. When I walked into the church with Mom and looked up, the balcony was filled with Black people who stood in respect for Mom and Mr. Metropolitan.

Black people had never been allowed in our church, but the woman I saw that day years before with Dad was there with her family as were numerous other Black people from across Bird Creek. Later my sister told me that Black lady had come by our house and asked Mom if Colored folks could attend Mr. Metropolitan’s funeral. Mom had to get Church Board permission which was granted only after Mom threatened to leave the church. Coloreds would be allowed that one time if they sat in the balcony, but that was a sea change many years in the making.

That day was when I knew America had the capacity to atone for past sins, and that was when the Fourth of July became my favorite holiday.

The Aft Balcony.
Picture taken by Peg Redwine.

 

Wise Fools Needed

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Arthur Miller’s 1953 play The Crucible was a metaphor for the dangers of the McCarthyism era. Senator Joseph McCarthy wielded virtually unchecked power using Red Scare tactics. Governments, the news media and the public devoured allegations that Soviet Communists had infiltrated American culture and the only solution was to excise the traitors. Thousands of careers were ruined as was the social standing of countless loyal citizens by innuendo. Senator McCarthy’s most powerful weapon was fear. Freedom of speech could have been America’s best defense, but fear of being painted with McCarthyism’s red brush kept truth at bay. As with many dangerous social problems, America’s solution had already been provided by our 18th century Founders, scholars and historians who had studied thousands of years of great civilizations that had destroyed themselves through hubris and stifled debate. Freedom of Speech is not just a shield, it is also a democratic society’s most powerful sword. To concede this ultimate right is to voluntarily disarm.

Our Constitution was crafted by human beings who were steeped in the lessons of civilizations that had been forged on an anvil of free speech but had declined when truth could or would no longer confront power. Our Founders knew their history, especially that of the brilliant ancient Greeks who realized:

“…democracy insisted on complete freedom of speech, and thought it well to mock the personalities and
air the burning problems of the moment.”

Charles A. Robinson, Jr.
In his Introduction to
An Anthology of Greek Drama (1949)

From Sophocles’ twenty-five-hundred-year-old Oedipus the King to Shakespeare’s (1564-1616) Macbeth and other countless examples from civilizations of old to modern times, we have warnings that leaders who do not heed voices cautioning against hubris can bring down great societies. A common theme in both monarchial government and literature for thousands of years is that of the Wise Fool who, without fear of repercussions, both whispers in the emperor’s ear and speaks truth to his or her face.  In the plays of ancient Greece this role was often played by the chorus which would presage the harm a ruler’s pride was going to bring about later if he did not heed the warnings or if the populace did not replace the ruler. This is the ultimate in free expression. However, often times those in power surround themselves not with “Wise Fools” who tell them unwelcome truth, but with fearful fools who cling to power through sycophantic flattery.

When the victims of Salem, Massachusetts were executed in 1692-1693, it was not because they were witches but because superstition, personal grudges, prejudices, ignorance or religion trumped truth. In the McCarthy era, the Red Scare did not put America in peril, the fear of it did. The cure then as always is Freedom of Expression. The disease of misguided or corrupt power is best cured by a free flow of ideas and most exacerbated by silence, or worse, capitulation. When even our universities cower into silence before threats of our government, the rotting of our moral core as a free people has taken root. We have the recent example of the 1950’s to awaken us to what silence in the face of government power run amok can wreak on our democracy. History is littered with the rubble of previously once great societies that have committed the sin of lassitude in the face of ignorance.

The voices of campus protesters in the 1960’s and 1970’s helped bring America back from the precipice during the Viet Nam War era much as the courage of those such as Arthur Miller, who refused to be silenced, did during the 1950’s Red Scare. One might ask where the prophetic and courageous Greek chorus and wise fools are today as our government sends our soldiers into our streets?

Life From Above

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Israel has imposed a total blockade of humanitarian aid to the citizens of Gaza. No food, no water systems and no medical supplies are allowed to the more than 2 million people who live there. Israel enforces its prohibition militarily. Israel also bombs hospitals, schools, places of worship and residences. Since October 07, 2023 over 52,000 Gazans, including thousands of children, have been directly killed by Israel and many more are dying each day due to lack of food, water and medical care. The Zionist led government of Israel in March 2025 publicly announced these actions to be its official policy. Israel has received massive amounts of United States military aid to help enable it to implement these actions. The United States has the moral and legal responsibility to cease aiding this humanitarian catastrophe.

The moral issues are subject to debate, but the legal prohibition of United States military and civilian aid to Israel is specifically required by Section 6201 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. Six United States Senators have just signed a letter addressed to the Comptroller General, Gene Dodaro, citing the Foreign Assistance Act, asking for an investigation of Israel’s, and other countries’, denial of human rights to others while receiving U.S. aid. The Act provides no presidential waiver for such actions. Aid to Gaza’s residents should be both massive and immediate. And history provides a guide. From 26 June 1948 to 30 September 1949, the United States and Great Britain operated the Berlin Air Lift that flew over 250,000 humanitarian flights over Stalin’s blockade of aid to Germany’s war-ravaged populace. Food, fuel, medical supplies and other non-military aid helped save countless lives. It would also be apropos for the West to help Palestine because there would have been no state of Israel in 1948 without America and England.

The United States has far greater capability in 2025 than it did in 1948. We can and should alleviate the suffering we helped create. It is both our moral responsibility and our legal duty under our own laws. Also, the only truly permanent road to peace and prosperity involving Israel and its neighbors must come from a Marshall Plan type of solution. America knows both the Berlin Air Lift and the Marshall Plan were humanitarian actions that helped bring much of the world peace, stability and prosperity since WWII.

Since history has proven how greatly we ourselves can profit by simply doing the harder right things, let’s do them. After all, our own laws require them, even if we do not do so because it is right and just.

 

Motes and Logs

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The United States has several mottos: E Pluribus Unum [out of many one], Land of the Free, America the Beautiful, In God We Trust, United We Stand, This Land Was Made for You and Me, etc. If a national motto is meant to be a goal, perhaps we should consider adopting golf legend Jack Nicklaus’ motto when the media was urging him to pile on Tiger Woods after Woods’ consenting adult personal behavior came to light. Jack responded, “How is that any of my business?” Now, I shamefully admit to the titillation aroused by indiscretions of public figures such as Tiger, Bill Clinton or The Donald. However, my too normal weakness does nothing to assuage our national political angst nor does it comport with any of our grandiose views of ourselves, you know, our mottos.

As we struggle to mend our shredded national self-image and our decimated international reputation, a movement away from personal attacks among one another and especially by the national media might be a logical starting point. The mote that is so concerning in the eye of those we disapprove might be better left out of our serious considerations of issues such as war, inflation, unemployment and health care.

We sometimes lose sight of how good we have it. When we spend our national energy denigrating the religious views or personal behavior between consenting adults, or the differing political or sociological philosophies of our fellow Americans, or non-Americans, we might lose sight of what truly matters.

Numerous alarms have been sounded by people who may be well intended but not grounded in history. We are not, “On the eve of destruction” as sung by Barry McGuire. I remember this dire warning from 1965 and note that during the sixty years since we have been constantly in or preparing for war, but we have also virtually buried Jim Crow and eliminated polio. We have accomplished much in spite of our frailty of personal attacks. Of course, we have much more to do, but we should build on our successes, not forget why they were necessary.

Well, my recommendation for our national motto falls on the Golden Bear side of the ledger, not shrill voices of those who espouse America’s greatness but call for its pettiness. A removal of the log from our own eye could be a fitting place to start.